The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 520 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Mark Twain Essay Tom Sawyer Essay Did you like this example? The novel begins with Tom being hollered at by his Aunt Polly. It is made clear from the very beginning that Tom is a boy who often finds himself in mischief, whether its skipping his chores or making a commotion at church, he is always up to something. Tom lives with his Aunt Polly and his half-brother Sid. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain" essay for you Create order Tom quickly finds himself head-over heels for the new girl in town, Becky Thatcher, but his plans to make her his fiance fail and he turns to the town-drunks son for some relief. Tom meets up with Huckleberry Finn in the graveyard to find a cure for warts, but the two young boys both witness something they werent supposed to that night. They witness the murder of Dr. Robinson by Injun-Joe. After witnessing the murder, both Huckleberry and Tom make a blood oath to never speak of what they saw that night ever again. This was until the boys hear that the murder is being pinned on Muff Potter, and with his arrest the boys guilt grows immensely. They then decide to runaway to an island alongside their friend, Joe Harper, to become pirates. As the boys rejoice in their freedom, they discover that their community now believes theyre dead. Tom sneaks back into town to check on whats going on and finds his family grieving over him. The boys decide to return home the day of their funeral and theyre met with great rejoicement by the whole town. Things soon return to normal, this was until Potters trial begins and Tom caves under his guilt and testifies on the behalf of Muff Potter. Potter is aquitted, but Injun Joe escapes from the court room out the window. Summertime is impending, and Tom and Huckleberry go treasure hunting in a haunted house, as theyre upstairs they hear a noise from down below. They peer downstairs to see Injun Joe in a disguise accompinied by an unkept man, they discuss burying the gold in the house and almost do-so until they see the tools left behind by Huckleberry and Tom. They quickly become suspicious and leave with the gold in their arms instead of burying it. Huckleberry Finn is now following the criminal pair every night, and he overhears the criminal duos plan to attack the Widow Douglas. He quickly runs to tell authorities and becomes a hero. Meanwhile, Tom goes to a picnic with Becky and their other classmates at McDougals Cave. While theyre there Tom and Becky get lost in the cave, and no one notices theyre gone until the next day. The town is now searching for the two but find no luck. Tom and Becky are slowly growing weak as they run out of resources for survival. Tom finally decides as the situation escalates to look for a way out of the cave. It only gets worse when Tom runs into Injun Joe using the cave for a hideout. As the searchers are beginning to lose all hope Tom escapes from the cave. The whole town rejoices and Beckys father locks Injun Joe in the cave until he dies.

The Electronic Dance Music Culture - 1977 Words

â€Å"The first time when on the radio I listened to the remixed song Why Don’t You?, I was quite of surprised how DJ accessed to musical material from the past. The song affected me with a sense of the past although it was skilfully woven and shaped into a new, very danceable sound of electronic music† described Irina Cvijanović. (Cvijanovic) Electronic dance music, or better known as â€Å"edm†, has completely changed the music industry. Edm has now taken over radio and the mainstream, and has become one of the main aspects of popular culture. (Tankel) The rise and popularity of edm comes from it’s unique and innovative sound that is based heavily on the idea of musical remixing and the blending of genres. Bedroom producers have taken over the music industry by incorporating old songs into brand new unique remixes that are being played and enjoyed all around the world. (Và ¤kevà ¤) This electronic dance music culture has become one of the most popu lar and profitable events in the United States, and they are only getting bigger and better. An important pioneer and well recognized figure in this industry is Thomas Wesley Pentz or professionally known as â€Å"Diplo†. Diplo has not only become one of the world’s most popular DJ’s, but is known worldwide for his hybridization of musical genres. Diplo was one of the first producers to incorporate dancehall and reggaeton into popular music, and with his Top 40 charting tracks Lean on and Where Are U Now, has become a key innovator in popularShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse in Electronic Dance Music Culture: Minimizing the Effects800 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse in Electronic Dance Music Culture: Minimizing the Effects EDM (electronic dance music) has proven to be a very powerful movement and important part of modern culture. 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Extinguishing Fires and Fire Detection Central Control Panel

Question: Discuss about the Extinguishing Fires and Fire Detection for Central Control Panel . Answer: Fire Alarm Terminology Explanation of different terms of Fire Alarm Terminology (I) Addressable fire alarm system: An addressable fire alarm system is made up of a series of fire detectors and devices that are connected back to a central control panel (Kong, Yang Kang, 2015). (II) Conventional fire alarm system: The conventional fire alarm system is an early warning system design for small facilities (Bhattacharjee et al., 2012).These fire alarm systems are inexpensive but sometimes it can be challenging locating the alarms. (III) Two states Detector: Conventional or two-state detector is a detector that gives one of two states relating to either normal or fire alarm conditions (Aad et al. 2013). (IV) Analogue detector: It is defined as a detector that helps in detecting smoke or heat sensor and manual call point, which is coded with a unique address (Bieberle et al. 2012). (V) Pre-alarm warning: Pre-alarm Warning is defined as a alarm condition which provides indication about a signal (etin et al., 2013). The indication may be due to rise in heat levels or due to smoke alert. (VI) Staff Alarm: Staff alarm system is defined as a system, which consists of a number of fully monitored Dual-TechCeiling, or Wall mounted location units. These location units contain bothInfraredreceivers for localized receipt of signals and aRadiotransmitter to communicate information back to the System (Crogan Dupler, 2014). Explanation of circumstances and the arrangements of staff alarm facility Circumstances in which staff alarm system is needed Staff Alarm system is required in organizations in different situations. The Staff alarm must be used when it is necessary to notify the employees of an organization to evacuate the entire space in any emergency scenario (Rinsurongkawong et al., 2012). The emergency scenario can be during the event of a fire. The employees alarm system is used such that the employees of the organization hear the rings of the alarm system and evacuate the place. The sound of alarm system, which is used, must be different from the normal background noise so that the employees of the organization differentiate between the noises. Other circumstances like in natural calamities, the organizations use the alarm system so that the place will be evacuated by every employee in emergency. Arrangements that are incorporated within the staff alarm system The arrangement that must be incorporated with the staff alarm system includes: Initiation of building evacuation with the use of the nearest alarm pulls station. The employees of the organization must be trained so that they can use the portable fire extinguishers properly (Islam et al., 2013). Combustible and flammable storage must be applicable sections under National fire protection association. Stairwells of the building must be free from any type of obstructions such as storage, vending machines and many more (Angelo, 2012). Detection Review Methods of operation of different types of detector (I) An electronic fixed temperature: An electronic device with a thermostat acting as the heat sensitive element is a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly according to temperature (Wang et al., 3013).These detectors can operate as a fixed-temperature and a rate-of-rise device or both depending on their intended design. (II) An ionization chamber smoke detector: Ionization Smoke Detector is able to sense smoke particles that are too small for the naked eye (Dimitropoulos et al., 2015). Through alpha radiation, the ionization smoke detector passes through the air-filled space container, allowing flow of electrodes. However if any smoke gets inside the chamber and absorbs the alpha particles, it lowers the level of ionization, hurting the flow of electrodes, thus setting off the alarm. (III) An optical smoke detector: Smoke Detector, also referred to as a Photoelectric Type Device, uses a light source to detect smoke. The Infra-Red LED is a lens that shots a beam over a large area (Kang, et al., 2013).If smoke is present in the room, it enters the optical chamber, having smoke particles scatter and sensor sets of the alarm. In very large areas where a smoke detector is placed, two optical detectors send the straight line of infrared beam from a sender to a receiver. (IV) A carbon monoxide fire detector: Carbon monoxide detectors sound an alarm when they sense a certain amount of carbon monoxide in the air over time. Different types of alarms are triggered by different types of sensors such as inBiomimetic sensor a gel changes the color when it absorbs carbon monoxide, and this color change helps in triggering the alarm system. (V) An Intra Red Flame Detector: An intra red flame detectors respond to the production of one or a combination of infrared spectrums of electromagnetic radiation. These detectors are often used in situations where there is a potential for the rapid development of fire such as flammable liquids (Alkhatib, 2014). These detectors comprise an electronic circuit with an electromagnetic radiation receiver. Flame detectors are actuated when they receive electromagnetic radiation from one or more defined wavelengths are received according to their design in the ultra-violet or infrared spectrum. (VI) An ultraviolet flame detector: Ultraviolet detectors react to the construction of one or a combination of ultraviolent spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (Urban et al., 2015). These detectors consist of an electronic circuit with an electromagnetic radiation recipient. Ultraviolent Flame detectors are activated when they receive electromagnetic radiation from one or wavelengths that are more distinct. Examples of different types of detector Examples of carbon monoxide fire detector: Cigarette smoke detector and CE mini smoke detector Both the smoke alarm is unsuitable as they are electrical/electronic device, which can be affected by electrical noise, or interference, which occurs within any dwelling. Examples of an optical smoke detector ROHS commercial smoke detector and Standalone smoke detector ROHS commercial smoke detector and Standalone smoke detector are unsuitable to install due to electrical issues. The smoke alarm is fitted with line filtering this cannot safeguard against all possible causes of interference or excessive levels of interference. Examples of an ionization chamber smoke detector Heiman smoke detector and intelligent smoke detector Both Heiman smoke detector and intelligent smoke detector are unsuitable to install due to environmental issues. The smoke alarm will sound if it senses smoke or something, which stimulates smoke. Additionally electrical strikes or noise can cause the smoke alarm to briefly sound.Smoke Alarms are auto resetting and therefore will silence once the cause is removed. Examples of an electronic fixed temperature: Photoelectric smoke detector and Commercial smoke detector Both Photoelectric smoke detector and Commercial smoke detector are unsuitable to install due to electrical issues. Smoke Alarms chirp as an indication of a fault or not normal condition.The smoke alarm will normally chirp forLow battery level False Alarm Reduction and management Measures when rate exceeds the critical points When the rate teaches the critical points Fire Alarm detectors shall be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms (Fernandez-Berni et al., 2012). It must be installed in sleeping rooms in new construction and it is recommended that they shall also be installed in sleeping rooms in existing construction. Drastic effect on the system if it exceeds the critical point The effects include: It causes transmission of a wrong alarm notification signal to the fire department or other emergency response organization. Selection and placement of these detectors is dependent upon a variety of factors including the need for automatic or manual initiation, ambient temperature and environmental conditions and therefore exceed from the critical point causes drastic effect on the alarm system (Aslan et al., 2012). Summary of the Advice in table 5 of BS 5839-1 It is advised that when fire alarm reaches above the critical point the critical points Fire Alarm detectors shall be installed outside different sleeping area in the instant vicinity of the bedrooms (Fernandez-Berni et al., 2012). Choice and placement of the detectors is based upon a mixture of factors including the need for automatic or manual initiation, ambient temperature. It is advised that the alarm system must be used in sleeping accommodation in new construction. d-Alternative detector The Addressable alarm system would be suitable for the building. This is because Addressable or "intelligent" systems represent the current state-of-the-art in fire detection and alarm technology (Merino et al., 2012).These systems monitor and control the capabilities of each alarm initiating and signaling device through microprocessors and system software. It initiates an alarm only if the observed situation is extremely unlikely when compared with its experience. Starting with a suitable set of parameters, this concept requires the no fire-detector to collect and store experience parameters relating to ambient conditions continuously after it has been installed. Domestic Applications Definition of Smoke Detector Smoke alarm is defined as a device that automatically detects and provides warning alarm regarding the presence of a smoke in the air (Othman Shazali, 2012).Smoke detectoris a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator offire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to afire alarm control panelas part of afire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known assmoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visualalarmfrom the detector itself. b:Advice regarding Smoke Alarm (I) Suggestion of purchasing Fire Alarm system on the basis of creation, standard and power supply Interconnect able alarms: Interconnect able alarm system is suggested as it can be set up in a network where if one smoke alarm is activated, all other smoke alarms on the same network will also activate (Yuan et al., 2015). This can be very useful in larger homes where it may be difficult to hear smoke alarms that are at the other end of the house or on another level. Creation: In Interconnect able alarm systemLine of wirelessly interconnects -able alarms designed to meet the needs of contractors that retrofit or remodel existing properties (Ha et al., 2012). It offers the same interconnected functionality as hardwired alarms, without the wires. Standard: The Interconnect able alarms system are very much standard as an individual get aware of the alarm system then pressing the isolator button will switch off all the alarms except for the one that initially activated the alert. Power: The alarm system is suggested, as it is very much useful for larger homes. Installation charge of the alarm system is not much (Othman Shazali, 2012). It is a mains powered smoke alarm and thus it is wired direct to a 240 volt AC power supply or to a 12/24 volt DC system powered by a 240 volt supply. (II) Number of alarm system and the category of house The building must have one alarm in each room so that if any danger or fire circumstances occur then each individual in the building knows about the circumstance. The house belongs to the category B. This is because the house is shared by each individuals of the family exclusive of bedrooms. Each individual lives in the house independent of others by sharing the same house. The smoke alarm system cannot helpful in saving all the individuals of the buildings always. This is because sometimes the system responds very slowly or it contain very small amount of radioactive materials (Bhattacharjee, 2012). The smoke detectors are not hardwired into a home's electrical system and as a result, they rely exclusively on battery power, requiring regular checking and replacement. A smoke detector with a dead battery saves no lives. Battery Operated Smoke Alarms (I) Reasons for the removal of battery in Alarm system The reasons for which the battery of the smoke alarm system in the two-storey building includes: The battery of the alarm system might be stop working and therefore the property owners of the building might have removed the battery in the hope that the battery will be changed as soon as possible (Wang et al., 2013). The battery of the smoke alarm system might have stolen by someone. This has led to number of death cases in the building, as the smoke detector cannot detect the smoke, which is occurred due to the fire as because of absence of battery in the system (Kumar, 2014). (II) Advices to the Local Authority A number of advices are given to the local authority of that area, where the building is situated. The advice is about the future use of smoke alarm system. It is very much important to have a Category A type of smoke alarm system, which provides proper facility of smoke detection. The smoke detector must be installed in each building of the area, so that the people of that area will be saving in case of fire or any other problems (Garg et al., 2013).The more alarm area has, the safer will be the people of that area. Therefore, it is suggested to the local authority that they should provide smoke alarm detectors with ionization and optical features. Industrial Problems Existing Fire detection system in industries and the reason behind their selection The problem that occured by using conventional alarm system is that conventional system does not allow the control to monitor the sensitivity of the smoke detectors. It simply reports which device is in alarm. The industry use conventional alarm system. Conventional alarm system is selected is a non-addressable system, which may use fire detection zones, which are usually represented by LEDs on the control panel. Each zone identifies a specific area of the building in order to speed up the location of a fire. Measures for reducing false alarms The measures of the fire alarm system include: The sensitivity of the alarm system is reduced by de-rating the heat detectors. This will be helpful in reducing false alarms (Yoon Min, 2013). Isolating zones prior to construction works and cleaning smoke detector covers prior to their removal (Cruz et al., 2016). Advising the fire alarm maintenance company when there is a change of building use Restrictions and limitations of the measures There are number of restrictions of the measures that are provided in order to reduce the false alarm. The limitations include: De-rating heat detectors: The de-rating procedure of detectors reduces the sensitivity of the alarm system. As a result, if any fire arising circumstance occurs then the system cannot detect the smoke, therefore alarm will not be provided (HabiboÄÅ ¸lu et al., 2012). This can cause a number of severe problems including death. Isolation of Zones: If a zone is isolated and a problem related with fire occurs then it will be impossible for the authority to save the building. Alternative fire alarm system Fire detection system with control panels is the alternative approach for forming a detection system for the industry. It provides proper testing system, which assures the industry about the fire alarm system, which operates at optimum performance, and integrity, which has not been compromised during or subsequent to the installation (Su et al., 2014). Proper testing prevents false alarms and associated costs when fire trucks are unnecessarily dispatched to the building. Early detection plays a significant role in protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. It provides information to emergency responders on the location of the fire, speeding up the fire control process.It is designed and installed correctly and thus provides adequate time for the occupants to safely evacuate a building and to alert local first responders to the impending danger (Rodriquez Young, 2013). The system is configured for providing a wide range of flexibility, with components controlling a variet y of devices. Additional measures and licensing Description of the form of protection (I) Reason Behind the Selecting the Decision The detector that must be used is automatic fire detection and alarm system. The detector that is used includes a sensor. When the amount of smoke in the air increases as compared with the density of air, the sensor senses it (Iqbal et al., 2014).After sensing the smoke the alarm system that is internally connected with the circuit starts ringing. (II) Extra detection recommended by BS The recommendation includes: The sensitivity of the alarm system must be reduced by de-rating the heat detectors. This will be helpful in reducing false alarms. The automatic alarm system must be designed and installed correctlyfor alerting local first responders (Butz et al., 2014). Combustible and flammable storage must be applicable sections under National fire protection association. (III) Site of alarm sounders and their reason The alarm sounders should be positioned close to exits, in each room of the building so that each individual get to know about the risk.It provides information to emergency responders on the location of the fire, speeding up the fire control process (Dong et al., 2015). If a detector recognizes a condition, which could be indicative of a fire, then it will start producing sound, which will be beneficial to save one self from the danger. (IV) Duration of time the system is powered by the battery The alarm system is suggested, as it is very much useful. Installation charge of the alarm system is not much. It is a mains powered smoke alarm and thus it is wired direct to a 240 volt AC power supply or to a 12/24 volt DC system for charging the battery (Elbasuney Mostafa, 2015). The battery will last for around 5 hours when there is scarcity or unavailability of min failures. 6.b: Explanation about the installation of HMOs It is installed in HMOs because there are several advantages of its implementation. One of the advancements offered by these systems is their ability to specifically identify where a fault has developed. Therefore, instead of merely showing a fault along a wire, they will indicate the location of the problem. This permits faster diagnosis of the trouble, and allows a quicker repair and return to normal. Extinguishing Fires 1. Extinguishing agents Various types of extinguishing agents Water and Foam: Water and Foamfire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away theheatelement of the fire triangle. Foam agents also separate theoxygenelement from the other elements. Dry Chemical: Dry Chemicalfire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting thechemical reactionof the fire triangle (Garg et al., 2013). Clean Agent: HalogenatedorClean Agentextinguishers include the halon agents as well as the newer and less ozone depleting halocarbon agents. They extinguish the fire by interrupting thechemical reactionof the fire triangle (Kumar, 2014). Dry Powder: Dry Powderextinguishers are similar to dry chemical except that they extinguish the fire by separating the fuelfrom theoxygenelement or by removing theheatelement of the fire triangle (Elbasuney Mostafa, 2015).However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or combustible metal fires, only. They are ineffective on all other classes of fires. Types of Fire extinguishers Water and Foam: it can use Class A fires as it fires inordinary combustiblessuch aswood, paper, cloth, trash, and plastics (Bhattacharjee, 2012). Dry Chemical: It can use both Class B fires are as they fires inflammable liquidssuch asgasoline, petroleum oil and paint. Clean Agent: It uses Class C fires as it fires involvingenergized electrical equipmentsuch asmotors, transformers, and appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire (Othman Shazali, 2012). Dry Powder: Class C fires are fires involvingenergized electrical equipmentsuch asmotors, transformers, and appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire. Need of quantity, sitting and performance of fire requirement in office Need of fire extinguishers include: Quantity:In a building with a floor area greater than 400 m there should be a minimum of extinguishers with a minimum combined fire rating of 0.065 x floor area (m2) Sitting: The extinguishers should be positioned close to exits, for further information on where it is desirable to have smaller, lighter extinguishers, foam, or water with additives can be used to reduce weight whilst maintaining firefighting capability (Yuan et al., 2015). Performance: The number of extinguishers connected in a building depends on the load or the performance of an extinguisher. Definition of occupancy hazards relevant to NFPA paragraph Occupancy Hazard NFPA paragraph Office Block Occupancies in this class are considered SEVERE hazard occupancies, where quantity and combustibility of contents are high. Class 3 Assembly Area Occupancies in this class are considered LOW hazard occupancies, where quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate Class 6 Painting Area Occupancies in this class are considered MODERATE hazard occupancies, where quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate Class 5 Commodities and Storage Arrangement Commodity Class Configuration Heights Required Density (meter square) Metals component in single corrugated cartons Class I Double row pallet beam racking 6.0m 0.10 Glass light covers with paper in single corrugated cartons Class I Double row pallet beam racking 6.0m 0.20 Aluminum and steel components in slatted timber crates Class IV Double row pallet beam racking 4.5m 0.15 Polypropylene components in cartons stretch wrap Class III Double row pallet beam racking 6.0m 0.30 PVC insulated electric cable Class III Double row pallet beam racking 6.0m 0.15 Replacement lamb heads in cardboard cartoons Class I Single row beam racking 6.0m 0.12 Idle timber pallets Class II Single row beam racking 4.5 m 0.25 Adequacy of Fire protection and risk Improvement Essential safety measures are the fire, life safety and health items installed or constructed in a building to ensure adequate levels of fire safety and protection from such things as Legionella over the life of the building. Essential safety measures include all traditional building fire services such as sprinklers and mechanical services etc., but also include passive fire safety such as fire doors, fire-rated structures and other building infrastructure items such as paths of travel to exits (Merino et al., 2012). An essential safety measure, for the purpose of the Regulations, is provided for the safety of people in a building or place of public entertainment. The following risk improvements are necessary: Ensuring the service is maintained at a level of performance specified by the relevant building surveyor (RBS) (Aslan et al., 2012). Periodical inspections and checks in accordance with an Australian Standard or other specified method. Water Spray System Methods for extinguishing fire by using Water The methods for extinguishing a fire include: Spray: When water is applied as a spray then it is helpful for driving smoke or gas. An example of this would be using spray to drive smoke from an aircraft fuselage (Urban et al., 2015). Jet: Each droplet of the spray absorbs heat and removes it from the area of the fire. When water is applied as a jet, most of the water passes through the affected area with little benefit to the firefighting operation (Alkhatib, 2014). Pulse: A method for extinguishing fires inside compartments is to apply water in a pulsed spray by quickly opening and closing the branch. Major application system used to apply the spray A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected (Dimitropoulos et al., 2015).The most important goal in the application of water spray is to get uniform distribution of the water throughout the area. Inadequate supply of water may not give the desired coverage and control needed. Additional extinguishing factors when high velocity of spray is applied The factors when high velocity of spray is applied Spray Nozzle: The selection of the proper spray nozzle that achieves the coverage area and water density required for the hazard being protected is one of the most important steps necessary to ensure the successful operation when high velocity of spray is applied (Angelo, 2012). HV High Velocity Directional Spray Nozzles:HV Nozzles are open (non-automatic) directional spray nozzles with individual inlet strainers (Bhattacharjee et al., 2012). They are designed for use in water spray fixed systems for fire protection applications where a high velocity water application may be required. Firefighting equipment (I) Various work areas in the building The various work area in the manufacturing company of motor car includes: Production area: It is the area where the goods are manufactured or produced by the employees of manufacturing company of motor car (Othman Shazali, 2012). The products include various parts of motorcar. Storage area: It is the area where manufactured goods are stored for export and import. Information system area: The information system of the company includes information about the whole organization including the financial status of the company. (II) Fire risks in the work area of the building Production area: The products that are manufactured in the production zone can be destroyed if a fire risk occurs in that section (Dimitropoulos et al., 2015). Storage area: The storage section includes huge amount of producers. If any fire risk occurs in this area then the organization will suffer huge losses in its financial status (Kumar, 2014). Information system area: The information system is very important for the company. If any risk of fire occurs in this section then the full information including the confidential gets destroyed. Therefore, the section must be handled properly (Yoon Min, 2013). (III)Appropriate extinguishing agents for the risks Extinguishing agents in Production area: Water and Foam must be used by the production department because Foam agents always separate the oxygen element from the other elements. Extinguishing agents in Storage area: Water mist must be used in the storage department because Water Mist extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away theheat element of the fire triangle (Cruz et al., 2016). Extinguishing agents in Information system area: Carbon dioxide is the extinguishing agent that must be used for the IT system because Carbon Dioxide fire extinguishers extinguish fire by taking away the oxygen element of the fire triangle and be removing the heat with a very cold discharge. (IV)Description of two extinguishing agents Water and Foam: Water and Foamfire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away theheatelement of the fire triangle. Foam agents also separate theoxygenelement from the other elements (Fernndez-Berni et al., 2012).Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only - they should not be used on Class B or C fires. Water Mist: Water Mistextinguishers are a recent development that extinguishes the fire by taking away theheat element of the fire triangle (Yoon Min, 2013). They are an alternative to the clean agent extinguishers where contamination is a concern. Description of different choices of water supply available to the sprinkler system The choices of water supplies include: Supplies must be evaluated for resistance to pipe failure, pressure loss, droughts, and other issues that may affect availability. The system must provide adequate sprinkler supply and pressure. A sprinkler system will create a hydraulic demand, in terms of flow and pressure, on the water supply (Bhattacharjee et al., 2012). References Alkhatib, A. A. (2014). A review on forest fire detection techniques.International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks,2014. Angelo, M. D. (2012, February). A simulator based on QEMU and SystemC for robustness testing of a networked Linux-based fire detection and alarm system. InProc. of the Conf. on ERTS2(pp. 1-9). Aslan, Y. E., Korpeoglu, I., Ulusoy, . (2012). A framework for use of wireless sensor networks in forest fire detection and monitoring.Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,36(6), 614-625. Bhattacharjee, S. (2012). Pramit Roy, Soumalya Ghosh, Sudip Misra, Mohammad S. Obaidat." Wireless sensor network-based fire detection alarming monitoring and prevention system for bord-and-pillar coal mines.Journal of Systems and Software,85(3), 571-581. Bhattacharjee, S., Roy, P., Ghosh, S., Misra, S., Obaidat, M. S. (2012). 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Travel Agency Strategy free essay sample

This paper will look at the challenges that the travel agency is facing, detailing a plan for change based on observations of challenges that the HR department is facing. Using metrics to explain change and how they can assist senior management during the planning process. Furthermore there will be an outline for the determination of the HR strategic plan combined with methods for the recruitment and selection methods. The details provided should help in assisting the travel agency overcome their challenges with a new plan to help them grow and become a formidable opponent to the competition. The travel agency appears to have challenges with the employees and the HR department. There are no goals or structure for the employees to rely on, and no goals to achieve. There are six major functions of HR that are needed to be implementing in order for the change to begin in the Travel agency. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel Agency Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Byars and Rue (2008) The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) has identified six major functions of human resource management: 1. Human resource planning, recruitment, and selection. 2. Human resource development. 3. Compensation and benefits. 4. Safety and health. 5. Employee and labor relations. 6. Human resource research. (Byars amp; Rue, 2008). The HR department can start to outline a plan if HR, management and the employees all have clear communication and direction of what the HR department is for and how they assist the company and the employees. The challenges that the HR department will face is using, HRP (Human resource Planning), to align the company’s overall strategic plan with the appropriate employees in place to achieve this goal. According to Byars and Rue (2008) Human resource planning (HRP), also referred to as workforce planning or personnel planning has been defined as the process of â€Å"getting the right number of qualified people into the right job at the right time. HRP involves applying the basic planning process to the human resource needs of the organization. To be effective, any human resource plan must be derived from the strategic and operational plans of the organization. In essence, the success of HRP depends largely on how closely the human resource department can integrate effective people planning with the organizations business planning process. 5 Unfortunately, HRP is often inadequately tied to overall corporate planning. (Byars amp; Rue, 2008). There are four statistical modeling techniques that can be used by the HR department to forecast the needs that the agency will need. The can use time-series analysis, personnel ratios, productivity ratios and the regression analysis. Another technique that can be used is benchmarking, â€Å"benchmarking involves thoroughly examining internal practices and procedures and measuring them against the ways other successful organizations operate. ’ Byars and Rue (2008). In order to meet the Demands of the company and put a solid plan into place, a skills inventory should be completed to see what types of employees the company has and their skill sets to determine future training and advancement opportunities. A skills inventory consolidates information about the organizations human resources. It provides basic information on all employees, including, in its simplest form, a list of the names, certain characteristics, and skills of employees. Because the information from a skills inventory is used as input into promotion and transfer decisions, it should contain information about each employees portfolio of skills, not just those relevant to the employees current job. (Byars amp; Rue, 2008). The next step will be metric for the HR department to gather data that can be used to show the senior management areas of improvement, or areas that need a deeper focus. These metrics can show where the company spends the most of their time and money along with, areas of the company or departments that do not meet the desired metric goals. Metrics can show productivity based on a set desired goal for the companies employees. Metrics refers to any set of quantitative measures to assess workforce performance. Examples of metrics that HR might use include such things as analysis of the cost per hire, average length of time to fill a position, training cost per employee, turnover cost per employee, and new-hire performance by recruiting strategy. Byars amp; Rue, 2008). The reason that metrics are so important to the decision making of the senior staff is that they provide a starting point for the company to see where they need to start their focus for change. Being able to evaluate an employee’s performance will help coach and mentor the employee. Metrics provide real numbers that can show areas were training is needed to get the employees to a de sired output or percentage goal. Communication of the desired results or a t new strategic plan can be tricky, especially to a skeptical bunch that has really had no definition or goals in place. They are going to want to know what is in it for them. Communication is the key to ensure understanding. The whys must be answered, why this necessary, why are we doing this what is in it for me. In order to communicate these new changes all of these must be answered. The goal is to let the employees to know what HR does and what will be changing, for instance career planning, development and training. This will be to ensure that all employees have or will have the knowledge and skills to perform to the level that the company wants their employees to be at. Letting the employees know that they are here to assist them in getting to where they want to be, while providing them an outline of career path and training to keep them interested. Where there is room for advancement there is room for recruiting new staff member with skills to help the company grow. When it comes to recruiting, there are several methods that can be used. Using internal sources at first, the organization will keep moral up as they seek already trained and qualified personnel. Another method is reaching outside the organization to bring in new talent with other perspectives and fresh ideas to bring to the team. â€Å"Organizations have at their disposal a wide range of external sources for recruiting personnel. External recruiting is needed in organizations that are growing rapidly or have a large demand for technical, skilled, or managerial employees. † (Byars amp; Rue, 2008). The external sources bring all types of employees plus they bring a wider skill set to choose from. Other sources include using job boards, advertising, web sites, job placement agencies, employee referrals and walk- ins. When it comes to the selection process there are things that need to be looked at, what exactly is the company in need of, where do they want to go, where have past internal and external employees gone within the company. Use the metrics to see what has panned out in the past. In conclusion the travel agency has been lacking clear direction for future growth. In order to grow and to achieve success, the HR department and management need to determine how to incorporate the strategic plan and goals of the company into the HRP. The HRP will then create goals, training and structure for growth in the company by determining what the company has in terms of employees and their skills. By determining the skills of employees then HR and management can determine the new metrics based off of the old ones and by using the metrics they can determine what changes need to be made first. By determining where the company is lacking in production will the help senior management determine what types of employees are needed for future success.